Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development - 983 Words

Piaget (1936) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development; contributing a theory of child cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities (McLeod, 2009). Analysing of this information indicates that Piaget undertook multiple educational studies, which undoubtedly helped with the creation of his theory. Questions could be asked in relation to this theory, for example, what were the specifics of these theories and how do they support child development? The theory can be implemented into teaching practices however there maybe strength and weaknesses as a result. There are a few key concepts that significantly stand out when researching into Piaget’s theory. One important concept that is an obvious stand out is the stages of cognitive development (Margetts, 2016). From examining this theory it shows that Piaget broke down the stages of cognitive development into four different phases according to age and the person’s ability to use their brain to function and think (Margetts, 2016). The stages are Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years), Preoperational Stage (2-7 years), Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) and Formal Operational Stage (11 years to adult) (Ey, 2015). During the sensorimotor stage, intelligence is demonstrated through motor activity without the use symbols (Second Source), this indicates that children (0-2 years) areShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1289 Words   |  6 Pagesare many great cognitive theorists, but the one that comes to mind is a development psychologist by the name of Jean Piaget . One of his prized declaration was in 1934, where he declared that education is capable of saving our society from collapsing whether its violent or gradual. Piaget had a key effect on education and psychology, and because of that effect he made many contributions to learning and to cognition. One of most important contribution was a model that was made by Piaget. This modelRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Development Theory1077 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Piaget (1957), cognitive development was a continuous restructuring of mental processes due to varied situations and experiencing the world and maturing biologically. His view of cognitive development would have us look inside a child’s head and glimpse the inborn process of change that thinking goes through. â€Å"He was mainly interested in the biological influences on â€Å"how we come to know’† (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). Piaget’s views helps us to have appropriate expectations about childrenâ₠¬â„¢sRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1813 Words   |  8 Pages ECH-130 Sociocultural Tables LLlllll Cognitive Development Definition Examples of Application of Concept Strategies to Support and/or Assess Learning Birth to Age 5/Pre-K Piaget Sensorimotor stage: :the first stage Piaget uses to define cognitive development. During this period, infants are busy discovering relationships between their bodies and the environment. Researchers have discovered that infants have relatively well developed sensory abilities An infant who recently learned how to rollRead MorePiaget s Cognitive Theory And Cognitive Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages 1) Examine how Piaget’s cognitive theory can help to explain the child’s behavior. Piaget confirms â€Å"Each cognitive stage represents a fundamentally new psychological reorganization resulting from maturation of new functions and abilities† (as in Greene, 2009, p.144). The case Vignette describes Victors’ stages of development through Piaget’s stages of cognitive development as exhibited behavior that occurred during the sensorimotor, preoperational, as established areas. Victor experienced a normalRead MorePiaget s Theory On Cognitive Development1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of Piaget’s theory on cognitive development. It will focus on Piaget’s work highlighting positive attributes and how they’re being applied in modern day and also delve on key limitations of the theory. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who was interested on why children would give similar but wrong answers in an intelligence test (Vidal, 1994). Based on his observations, he concluded that children undergo sequential cognitive d evelopment patterns which occur in defined stagesRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development969 Words   |  4 Pages20th century, the development of psychology is constantly expanding. Erikson and Piaget are two of the ealier well known theorist, both being significant in the field. Their belief s are outlined in Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory and Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory. These theories, both similar and different, have a certain significance as the stages are outlined.Erikson and Piaget were similar in their careers and made huge progressions in child development and education. WithRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 Pagesrelates to both Piaget and Vygotskian theories in the sense that they describe how the child s mind develops through different forms of stimuli that occur during early childhood. Piaget s theory focuses mainly on things such as; how children think; how the world around them is perceived and how th e newly found information is explained through the language they use. Vygotsky s theory however differs as the effects of different forms of social interaction occur in cognitive development such as; internalisation;Read MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1111 Words   |  5 PagesPiaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was based around his belief that children will develop their intelligence through a series of stages: Sensorimotor (birth – 2yrs), Preoperational (2-7yrs), Concrete Operational (7-11yrs) and Formal Operational (11+). He believed these stages to be invariant, the same stages taking place in a fixed order, and universal, the same for every child regardless of their background or culture. (McLeod, 2015) Piaget believedRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesCognitive developmental theories provide a framework for understanding about how children act and perceive the world. However, every theory has both strengths and weaknesses. A certain theory may explain one aspect of cognitive development very well, but poorly address or completely ignore other aspects that are just as important. Two well known theories of cognitive development are Piaget’s stage theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. As I plan to be a pediatric nurse, these two theories willRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a systematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is differ ent from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development

Age Discrimination and Employment - 1126 Words

Introduction Age discrimination occurs when one particular age group is treated differently to another age group on the grounds of chronological age. A less favorable treatment can occur, for example when a person is refused medical treatment because they are deemed too old. Also, it can manifest through the assumption that older people have a decline in their intellect due to their age, and a decline in their cognitive and physical performance. Individuals regardless of age should not be treated different than younger employees on any basis if they are equally qualified and capable of performing the same duties. The view of older people as burdens or dependents, has left an uneven playing field for those older people trying to†¦show more content†¦The case was concluded that Reeves had not presented sufficient evidence to sustain a finding of age-based discrimination. Henry W. Bienkowsky v. American Airlines, INC. In Henry W. Bienkowski v. American Airlines, INC , Henry worked as a security representative for the employer. At the time he was 59 years old when he was terminated and replaced by a 54 year-old. Henry filed an action under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act , The district court granted summary for judgment for the employee because it found no evidence sufficient to create a jury issue that the employee was discharged because of his age rather than because of poor performance. The court reversed the summary judgment and remanded. The court held that it could not conclude that no reasonable jury could return a verdict of age discrimination. The court also noted that the district court did not rule on the sufficiency of the employee’s prima facie case, having focused its attention on the lack of evidence that the employer’s actions were a pretext for age discrimination. The court held that the employee challenging his termination could ordinarily established a prima facie case of age discrimination by showing that he continued to poses the necessary qualifications for his job a the time of the adverse action. General Dynamics Land Systems, INC. v. Cline In the General Dynamics Land Systems, INCShow MoreRelated Age Discrimination in Employment Essays1726 Words   |  7 Pagesaddressed in The Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Ageism can be defined as prejudiced beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors pertaining to older adults. To understand the ADEA fully, a brief history of age discrimination is useful to comprehend the Structural Level of this bill. Discrimination based on age was not a large issue until the beginning of the 20th century, mainly because it was a tacit form of discrimination. For the most part, people worked until they were at an age where they did notRead MoreAge Discrimination in Employment Act of 19671647 Words   |  7 Pageshealth care improves, the older generation is living longer and are still working or just getting into the workplace. One of the biggest issues that these older individuals face is age discrimination within the workplace. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 forbids employment discrimination on the basis of age. Through a detailed explanation and history of the law, this paper will examine how ADEA affects the professionals in the workplace, human resources, managers, and employers inRead MoreThe Age Discrimination On Employment Act Of 1967947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 was established to provide fairness in the workplace for citizens over the age of 40. This law was intended to guard against employers using unscrupulous hiring practices and unfairly firing individuals without legitimate reasons. The Civil Rights Act was updated to fight discrimination based on sex, race, and religion, but never addressed the issue of age. Age related concerns arose during the 1960’s when the economy began to change rapidly in technologyRead MoreThe Age Discrimination And Employment Act Of 967 ( Adea ) Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesEmployees over the age of 40 are protec ted under law from discrimination under the Age Discrimination and Employment Act of 967 (ADEA). However, that does not change the beliefs of some organizations that employees over the age of 40 are not as beneficial or productive as those younger than the age of 40. Communication skills are important to any organization and employees are expected to be professional and be able to express their ideas and opinions in that manner. Good communication skills areRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Against Individuals Based On Age, Race, National Origin, Or Sex, And Language2852 Words   |  12 Pagesthat employers have to deal with. Some aspects include physical appearance, lifestyle, and language. For several decades, the law has forbidden discrimination against individuals based on age, race, national origin, or sex, and these factors should not be in job specifications or recruitment advertisements (Shaw, 2014, 284). Employment discrimination against physical appearance, lifestyle, and language is not only wrong but also unethical. I. Physical Appearance Psychologists have long knownRead MoreWhite Panther : Rise Of Social Reform Movements989 Words   |  4 PagesGray Panther: This rise of social reform movements in the mid-20th century, promoted progressive legislative reform, including ending age discrimination. Social groups, notably the gray panthers, raised on federal remedies. The Gray Panthers group is a national organization established to social justice for old people. In 1970, Maggie Kuhn founded this organization with success as a leader. It took this organization to expand significantly over her life, with 70,000 members in 85 differentRead MoreAge Discrimination : A Global Impact1145 Words   |  5 PagesAge Discrimination: A Global Impact The American population is rapidly aging and more workers are putting off retirement. Some workers don’t feel that they are ready to scale back and some workers are unable to because of poor financial planning. Whatever the reason, older workers make up a significant portion of the workforce. Because of this, the rate of age discrimination claims has risen dramatically. This paper will seek to examine a recent age discrimination case, assess the outcome, determineRead MoreAge Bias On The Older Generation865 Words   |  4 Pagesplacing age bias on the older generation. Individuals seeking a â€Å"later in life† change in career due to lack of demand in their field of experience or poor financial pay-off, are being forced to return to school. Upon graduation, they then have to compete with new graduates for entry-level positions. Although these older individuals have numerous years of both life and work experience compared to the recent college graduates, they are fighting a rarely talked about battle called age discrimination. ManyRead MoreEmployment Of A Vital Labor And Employment Law884 Words   |  4 PagesA vital labor and employment law is the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, also known as the ADEA. The law was enacted in 1967 and later amended. On the Unites States EEOC website, they write, â€Å"ADEA protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age.â₠¬  (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2008) The law is meant to safeguard workers from being discriminated against due to their age. The law is especially important now with workers stayingRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace919 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is defined as making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather than on individual merit (definition 2). Discrimination does not just relate to just one meaning but several, and it can be described in many ways. This action is not only offensive but hurtful as well. Denying any individual a job because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender is an example of

Essay on Significance of Two Triumvirates in the Breakdown of the Republic

What Was the Significance of Triumvirates in the Breakdown of the Republic? The concept â€Å"triumvirate† can be defined as a group of three people. This word is used in the Roman history to refer to the two significant triumvirates that made a huge impact on the history. Probably, the most known and popular Roman ruler is Julius Caesar. A great deal of his popularity might also be due to Shakespeare’s portrayal of him in his plays. Nevertheless, Julius Caesar was one of the individuals in the first triumvirate. The other two were Gnaeus Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Among the three of them, they had military force, political influence and financial support to make the alliance work, which started in 60 B.C. After the death of all the three men in various circumstances, another triumvirate came into being several years later. This consisted of Octavian, Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus. Although the members of this group were not as popular to this generation as those of the first, they too held power for some time. But just like the first group, this triumvirate also fell apart after a while. History has been proving again and again that when ambitious men form an alliance to come to power, they would often destroy the unity by their own avarice. They would stay united until they reach a powerful position. But once they have power, they would want it all for themselves and try to destroy the other members in the group. Although the two triumvirates did impact the Roman republic in a significant way, they were not the main cause of its downfall. The maximum influence that they had ever had in causing anyone’s fall was on their own triumvirates.

Graduation Speech High School Students - 2263 Words

Friends, Family, and Students, Good morning Please join me in thanking Mr. Moore, our Band director, and our award winning Jupiter High School band for their performance today. I also want to personally thank each of your for being here, helping us to make this a special occasion for all of our graduates and their families. To do that, we ask that you keep your applause brief to ensure each name will be heard. Please turn off your cell phones at this time, refrain from using noise makers, and please remain seated throughout the entire ceremony. A professional photographer will be taking pictures of graduates as they receive their diploma. Thank you in advance for making this a dignified and memorable ceremony for all of our students At†¦show more content†¦This is a class to be proud of†¦ Seniors please join me in thanking your parents for all the support and love they have given you over the years†¦ Thank you†¦ I also want to take a moment to recognize our distinguished faculty and staff. Please join me in thanking the Faculty and Staff of Jupiter Community High School. I ask them to stand now to be recognized for all that they do for our students, our school, and our community†¦[â€Å"Clap†] Thank you. You are amazing teachers, who go beyond the call of duty, coaches who are committed to more than wins, and a staff who sees to it that Jupiter High School is ranked among the best in the Nation†¦. . Thank you†¦. . At this time I would like to introduce our honored guests. Please stand when I recognize you. †¢ Dr. Robert Avosso — Superintendent of Schools †¢ Dr. David Christiansen — Deputy Superintendent/ Chief of schools †¢ Mr. Keith Oswald — Chief Academic Officer †¢ Mr. Eric Lundman Assistant Superintendent Professional Growth †¢ Mr. Chuck Shaw — School Board Chairman †¢ Dr. Camille Coleman — Area 4 Superintendent †¢ Mr. Frank Kitsero — Chief of the Jupiter Police Department †¢ Mr. Bruce Wasserman — Jupiter High School Guidance Coordinator †¢ Ms. Charmin Persson — Jupiter High School Guidance Counselor †¢ Ms. Suzane Sardinha — Sponsor of the Class of 2016 Also joining us on the stage are dedicated members of our faculty who are

Plot and Character Analysis of Shakespeares Othello Essay

Othello is one of Shakespeares classics, this play has many oddities and puzzles. It roots into love, deception and jealousy. Also it clearly questions the debate of; can different cultures inter-wind without colliding? in addition, Othello has vivid racism, sexism, manipulation and savagery within civilisation. This play is set in Venice, Italy but due to circumstances all of the characters move to Cyprus. Othello is written between 1601-1604, the level of intensity and drama obviously indicated that he devoted a lot of time and effort into this play. The likely hood of him writing Othello in London is very high. He moved to London in 1587 and quickly got recognised by the higher society of London. People whose only form of†¦show more content†¦Later he accepted the fact that she was married to Othello. Rodrigo is another main character, very naive; he is madly in love with Desdemona and will not rest until she is married to him and not Othello. Iago a conniving, villainous character who manipulates not just Rodrigo, but also Othello and his own wife Amelia. Cassio is Othellos lieutenant, the position that was promised to Iago. This is Iagos apparent motive to cause all the chaos and drama, including ruining Othello and Desdemonas marriage. He does this buy finding the handkerchief that Othello gives Desdemona early on in there relationship as a token of love. Iago begs his w ife to steal the handkerchief chief and frame Cassio; by doing this he is also keeping the promise to Rodrigo and seems very honest by doing what he had promised earlier in the play. Othello falls for the organized act and tries to kill Desdemona by muffling her. Soon after he realises she didnt commit adultery on him and commits suicide. The man character, Othello is often referred to a moor his black complexion. The definition of a moor is generally a North-African of Muslim faith. The Venetian, and European people feared what they do not know; this is common within humanity. Connotations of black are generally bad such as: dark, evil, mysterious. This is what Europeans connected with black people, barbaric and suspicious.Show MoreRelatedThe Self Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self-Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello Introduction Aristotle asserted that all tragic heroes had fundamental flaws that were the source of their undoing, and that were typically the source of their initial success, as well. Oedipus thinks he acts with justice, wisdom, and the assurance of success, and these things also cause him to completely destroy himself when he discovers the truth of his situation, as one prominent example. TheRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s All The World s A Stage 1540 Words   |  7 Pages—and now his quote can be applied to his literature within his tragedies (William Shakespeare 1). The generation of people today have a much different definition of tragedies than people did during the Shakespearean times. Shakespeare’s tragedies involve a protagonist whose character is developed so that it is clear that he is a heroic figure in the setting of the play, but he has a flaw which leads to his downfall and accompanying tragic consequences. When we hear the word tragedy today, we immediatelyRead Mo reThe Antagonist, Shakespeare1405 Words   |  6 Pagesnot apparent. Parts of the story are remembered and it is the goal of an author or storyteller to leave an impact of each who hears their tale. The idea is to have a plot interesting enough to hold the attention and then to develop conflict those experiencing will remember. Part of the way this is accomplished is through the characters, not always the protagonist, but the antagonist as well. The villain of the story is an individual the audience will pay close attention to and attempt to understandRead MoreExamples of Shakepearian Revenge Tragedey in Othello and tragic Comedy in The Tempest1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof the best-known Shakespearean revenge tragedies is Othello and tragic comedy is The Tempest. One of the most prominently occurring and important aspects of human nature that appears in Shakespeare’s work is the concept of revenge. In most of the tragic plays of Shakespeare, the avenger has his thoughts of committing revenge and towards the end causes his own downfall and also death and destruction of several other good and supporting characters. The main focus of this essay is to show how RevengeRead MoreOthello, The Shakespearean Tragedy Of Great Eclat2570 Words   |  11 PagesOthello, the Shakespearean tragedy of great à ©clat, the work that has captured the recognition of many spectators, readers, and observers. Fascinated by the popular analysis, and multiplex of themes, ranging from jealousy and love, or perhaps honor and betrayal, Othello has become intrinsic to the way one lucubrates the literary and theatrical arts, and has become indispensible in understanding Shakespearean literature. However, taking the analysis further than the ostentatious front put on by ShakespeareRead MoreOthello: Good vs Evil1525 Words   |  7 PagesGood Or Evil: A Critical Analysis of Othello’s Main Characters William Shakespeare’s Othello is a classic depiction of a struggle between good and evil. In the play,, the characters are faced with the choice to either conquer or succumb to the overpowering force of evil. Shakespeare places his characters on a sort of spectrum in which a character’s amount of god or evil can be represented by a shade of color: black representing pure evil, white representing absolute goodness, and a shade of greyRead MoreDifferences Between Film And Othello1503 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years the play Othello by William Shakespeare has been adapted both on the screen and on stage many times. The questions or race and racism that have quite often been a point of discussion with William Shakespeare’s play Othello can be seen through the bard, however some may argue that Othello’s skin colour was purely a plot device. This paper will look at two film that have been re-made since the 1960’s, which provides an analysis of the concept of race and how political ideas andRead More Irregularities in Othello1716 Words   |  7 PagesIrregularities in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay.    In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello:    Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arisesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature tragic heroes can be defined as a character that makes a flawed judgment that inevitably leads to their own demise. William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values areRead MoreOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not just

Films Addressing Controversial Issues free essay sample

In spite of the film being made very sensitively and with immense respect to those heroes without any harries, personal dramas or additions, it was still criticized for its trailer. Many people said that the trailer looked as if it were a conventional trailer. There were some who thought it was too soon after the event. Universal received criticism that a national tragedy was being exploited. Another film, The passion Of The Christ, the fear, excitement, expectation, passion, tears, wonder that this film generated was huge.The life-changing experiences credited to this movie are many. This movie is about Jesus Christ and the brutal depiction of his suffering during his last 12 hours on Earth which, according to Christian beliefs, was brought about by his unconditional love for us. It raked considerable controversy because of the crucifixion scenes that are bloody, vicious, and torturous. Religious leaders were upset about the Catholic interpretation of the Bible and Jews called the film anti-Semitic and believed that Jews would be blamed for the death of Jesus. When the film was finally released, it broke all records and became the highest grossing independent film of all time. Lastly, another film that strikes me as being political is JEFF, this movie is about Dadaism Garrisons investigation of the assassination fjord F. Kennedy. It was meant to demonstrate that Kennedys assassination was not the act of a disturbed Marxist loner but the result of a right-wing conspiracy. It includes a lot of speculation about the misconduct of the government and the testimonies of many unreliable individuals.The movie became embroiled in controversy when it was being filmed. Stone was blamed by the Media for ladling out unverifiable hypotheses. American newspapers ran several editorials that criticized the liberties taken with historical facts, including the implication that President yond B. Johnson was also involved in the conspiracy. I think for the unique subject line, I would like to talk about these said movies and how they have impacted American History. I think that over the years viewers interpret their own opinions on each film. Onto think that the directors meant to criticize Christians or Jews in the movie The Passion of The Christ, and I dont think in the film JEFF, the directors intended on speaking about misconduct of the government I think these films are meant to depict recent and or past history and tried to implement the actual events that occurred on these important dates in American History. Member sitting in Biology class when watching the second plane strike the World Trade Center.I was devastated and didnt know what the outcome would be for America. I never thought there would be a couple of movies generated from the series of events that had taken place on that horrific day. However, now watching these films I do think it was a great way to show past history in our country. Yes there maybe things taken out of context or some controversy about what actually happened but in the long run it is part of our history and it is great to have these films to better educate our younger generations. What has been the legacy of the depiction of the American West in Hollywood westerns? In other words, do you think the positive or negative portrayals of groups of people has become more deeply believed than they otherwise would be? Studies of the American West have sought to refine the analysis of Hollywood genres, as in the work of John Celestial and Edward Becomes, among others.Genre critics such as Steve Neal and Rick Alton have thus found the Western a useful model for exploring the larger role of genres in film history. Ironically, the decline of the western has been offset by steady rise in critical attention to the genre, which has included ongoing attention to the representation of Native Americans throughout the westerns history, as well as approaches to the roles of women in the genre.Influenced by feminist film theory as well as queer theory, recent critics have also turned their attention to one of the genres more obvious but unexplored concerns, the representation of masculinity: thus scholars such as Jane Tompkins, Paul Willed, and Lee Clark Mitchell have interrogated what for decades seemed to be a secure and unproblematic presentation of conventional gender arms.The westerns often exclusively male world allows for a veiled homoerotic, and that the genres essential violence betrays strains Of masochism in both its characters and its fans. More recently, criticism of the western has only begun to consider the impact of what has been called the New Western History, represented by innovative historical reconsideration such as Patricia Nelson Limericks The Legacy of Conquest (1987), which argues that real-estate deals rather than thrilling shoot-outs may be at the heart of the winning of the West.Related work has greatly enriched historical understanding of the role women played in western expansion, as well as the complex psychological justification for the near extermination of Native Americans. The western has generally been successful at keeping the facts of history at bay, but revisionist westerns have often attempted to more closely align fantasies of the West with available facts.It remains to be seen whether or not the history of the West that is currently being revised by historians will provide a new source for stories for the near-dormant genre. In any case, the body of critical work on the western alone indic ates the genres significance in American culture and cinema; however, it is telling that for audiences in the twenty-first century the western is less likely to be encountered at the local movie theater, where it was once a staple, than in a college classroom, as a relic and a representation of American cultural history.

Marketin Strategy In E

Marketin Strategy In E-Commerce Essay Marketing Strategy and E-Commerce Introduction With the rapidly advancing technologies that are occurring in modern business, organisations are required to be ready, and able to adapt within their ever-changing environment. It is true across all diverse industries that in order to stay competitive, organisations must be able to utilise the various tools that technology has to offer. Technological factors have been of growing importance, particularly in recent years. A major factor involved in these technology issues is the use of the Internet as a major issue to modern organisations. The Internet has been rapidly growing since its inception and is now commonly used in all sectors of societies, in all corners of the globe. The Internet has quickly become one of the most valuable assets in modern technology, and as such, is developing as an integral part of modern commerce. As with past technologies, the Internet will have future technological advances develop from its own growth. The task the organisations of in the new century? Realise future opportunities and threats, and base a strategy accordingly. Is it clich? to say that the Internet changes everything: the challenge now is to say what, how and how quickly. (When Companies Connect, 1999, p.19) The Internet has lead to the birth and evolution of electronic commerce or E-commerce. E-commerce has now become a key component of many organisations in the daily running of their business. Simply defined, electronic commerce is a system of online shopping and information retrieval accessed through networks of personal computers. (Reedy, J. Schullo, S. Zimmerman, K. 2000, pg. 29) E-commerce challenges traditional organisational practices, and opens ups a vast array of issues that the organisations must address. By focusing on the varying levels of an organisation, it soon become apparent the effects that E-commerce can have. An understanding of the implication E-commerce has on such organisational divisions can help businesses gain understanding hence plan for its inevitable continuing evolution. In terms of marketing, the modern organisation must be critically aware of the development of E-commerce, and the implications that it entails. Marketers develop their own recipe of promotional tactics to fit the product lines or industries in which they compete. Now electronic communications tools are and will continue to bean important ingredient in the promotional mix (Reedy, J. Schullo, S. Zimmerman, K. 2000, pg. 29) In assessing the implications of E-commerce in terms of marketing, it is important to understand its impact in respect to marketing strategy formulation. As the Internet, and in turn E-commerce has developed, and continues to evolve and grow, it is vital that any organisation, in any particular industry, must base its strategic planning around such a rapidly growing medium. The growth of the Internet is an environmental influence that must be embraced and understood so to successfully plan for future marketing implementation. In order to successful realise the impact that E-commerce has in terms of marketing, it is important to break the area of interest into some key areas. As most of the issues that arise in terms of E-commerce represent organisations entering the environment, it seems natural to base discussion around this. Therefore, the bulk of the literature review relates existing organisations entering into the E-commerce market environment. In successfully identifying the relationship between E-commerce and strategy, the issues are categorised as follows: 1. Strategic analysis ? Understanding the environment 2. Identifying the strategic options/SWOT analysis ? Strategic Advantages/Disadvantages ? Advertising ? Electronic cost cutting/publishing/Process 3. Corporate level, Business level, d Marketing level 4. Retailing in E-commerce ? Implementation Issues ? Financial ? Performance monitoring 5. Conclusion ? Based on current knowledge state To gain a clearer understanding of the implication of E-Commerce in the formulation of marketing strategy, it is imperative to gain a clear understanding of the environment and its relevant effects. This helps in understanding the rationale in a developing marketing strategy, particularly the influences of E-Commerce on its make-up. Greek Mythology (1019 words) Essay (Public Agenda Online, 2000) Such example highlights issues that organisation must be aware of when developing a marketing strategy formula. Failing to recognise possible repercussions of E-commerce use, in a political or legal manner could prove catastrophic for an organisation. It is imperative it is carefully looked at, particularly in regards to E-commerce. Micro Environment Market environment The growth of E-commerce has transformed the way in which consumers purchase products as well as how organisations operate. The Internet provides the necessary tools; easy operation and exchange of information; and therefore effects all diverse industries and organisations. The Internet has become a useful tool for selling, buying and distributing goods and services globally in a rapidly growing supply chain. The potential market that the Internet provides has little or no restrictions by either geography or time, and therefore poses a huge impact on any organisation considering E-commerce in its strategic marketing formulation. Opportunities in E-commerce are enormous, as present growth and development have proved. (Kay, E. 2000) The Internet provides a virtual marketplace, providing huge opportunities in the marketing strategies that an organisation my wish to develop. Forecasters have projected that the world wide E-commerce revenues will be over $350 Billion in the year 2000. (Jones, I. 1999) User trends The trends of Internet users and in fact the use of E-commerce in general is extremely valuable information that the organisation must be aware of. By knowing how the advances of the Internet are being used, a marketing strategy can be focused keeping these ideals in mind. As E-commerce provides different uses to varying companies or industries, user trends and their relative importance differ. For example business to business electronic communication would represent different characteristic than communication relating directly to the end-consumer. Ideals such as customer tracking can be found as an integral advantage in the use of Internet based marketing. Information regarding users use of